42: The Answer to Almost Everything — Season 1, Episode 56: Are Animals Self-Aware?

Episode synopsis

For a long time, humanity was relatively unanimous: animals are little more than biological machines. This view has gradually changed, particularly with the pioneering work of the naturalist Charles Darwin: Darwin believed that consciousness is a fundamental property of life in general. In his view, even simple creatures have a rudimentary internal workings of feelings and impressions that are not so different from those of humans. But how can we know what animals really think and feel? You can't ask them, and you can't look inside their heads either. For a long time, researchers tried to solve the problem with the so-called mirror test: if a living being recognizes itself in a mirror, it must have self-confidence. Chimpanzees and dolphins pass the mirror test, but dogs do not. Does this mean that dogs are not self-aware?

About 42: The Answer to Almost Everything

What would we be without mucus? Can we live on water? How much does life weigh? Finding out the answers is the aim of ARTE's new science show. In a nod to Douglas Adams's "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", where the figure 42 is the ultimate answer to all questions, 42 tries to provide the answers.

More episodes from Season 1

• E1Can we dig our way through the Earth?
• E2Could We Live on the Moon?
• E3Should we use lotteries instead of elections?
• E4How Much Does Life Weigh?
• E5Will we move onto the water?
• E6Can Algorithms Make Us Healthy?
• E7What if there were no mucus?
• E8How do we solve the nuclear waste puzzle?
• E9What if Fear Didn't Exist?
• E10What if the ice disappeared?
• E11Do We All hear the Same Thing?
• E12Are we too pessimistic?